Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

research report

What is mental health nurses?

The problem of articulation of what it is that mental health nurses do is still raised as problematic and the reasons for this remain unclear. The roles that mental health nurses undertake cross the age spectrum from perinatal to older persons and in multiple specialty services. There are mental health nurse practitioners pioneering roles in […]

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Aetiology of schizophrenia

Genetic factors Schizophrenia has been at the centre of a scientific debate concerning the role of nature and nurture in the development of mental health problems. Perhaps the dominant model of the aetiology of schizophrenia has been biological, driven by genetic factors. Evidence relating to genetic factors has therefore been closely scrutinized and has not […]

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DSM diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

For a diagnosis of schizophrenia to be made, DSM-IV-TR states that two or more of the following symptoms should be present for a signifi cant period of time during a one-month period: delusions hallucinations disorganized speech: frequent derailment or incoherence grossly disorganized or behaviour negative symptoms: catatonic flattened mood, alogia or avolition. Only one of […]

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Aetiology of conversion disorder

Social processes Social factors are involved in the development of conversion disorder, at least on some occasions. The condition has been described as contagious, in that the sight or knowledge of one person with unexplained symptoms may trigger similar symptoms in others, particularly in situations where many people are grouped together and placed under some […]

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Aetiology of body dysmorphic disorder

Socio-cultural factors There has been little systematic research into the social and cultural factors associated with the development of body dysmorphic disorder. However, given the importance placed on physical appearance in society, it is not unreasonable to suspect that societal beliefs and attitudes have a role to play. There is certainly evidence that the media […]

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Aetiology of somatization disorder

Childhood learning Somatization may have its roots in early childhood experiences. There are several retrospective studies indicating that adults who report high levels of somatic symptoms are more likely to have witnessed illness in family members than is the norm. These include: excessive somatic complaints by parents excessive illness or complaints of illness from other […]

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Rogers’ person-centred therapy

Rogers’ person-centred therapy (1959) The aim of this approach is to facilitate personal growth through the relationship between the therapist and the client. The focus is very much on the present rather than the past. Of all the therapies, this is the least directive, because Rogers felt that true personal growth would only occur when […]

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Kelly’s personal construct therapy

Kelly (1955): personal construct therapy.This theory has led to the formulation of therapies which can be seen as broadly cognitive in their approach, although Kelly is regarded by some as a humanistic psychologist because of his emphasis on the importance of experience and individuality. According to Kelly, our view of the world and of ourselves […]

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Meichenbaum’s self-instructional training

Meichenbaum’s self-instructional training (1976) This approach suggests that behaviour change can be brought about if clients are encouraged to change the instructions they give themselves, in the form of ‘self-talk’, to more adaptive versions. These internal dialogues are externalised during therapy and discussed, then coping strategies are developed to deal with them. These strategies include […]

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Ellis: Rational-emotive therapy

Ellis (1962, 1991): Rational-emotive therapy.Another type of cognitive restructuring stems from the work of Ellis, who argued that people who suffer from mental disorders have irrational beliefs which lead to inappropriate emotions such as depression and guilt. If they develop instead a dispute system to challenge these beliefs, they will no longer suffer such emotional […]

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