Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

Disturbances to early development

Disturbances to early development Developmental problems in infancy result from the complex interaction of factors in the infant, factors in the carer, factors in the infant–carer interaction and factors in the broader social environment. Risk and protective factors may be biological and/or psychosocial. They may also be acute or longstanding and vary in intensity. Understanding […]

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The biopsychosocial model of infant development

The biopsychosocial model Clinicians working with infants and their parents are often called upon to consider a range of issues from both the infant’s and the parents’ points of view. Many concerns that are presented in a clinical setting may be described in a linear way, as a straightforward problem such as ‘He won’t eat’ […]

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Current models of early development and intervention

Current accounts of early development describe the infant’s move towards selfregulation and self-organisation in the context of the relationship with his mother or the primary carer. The attachment relationship and the quality of infant–carer interaction have a major influence on early neurobiological and psychosocial developmental processes. Contemporary models of infancy also emphasise infant competencies (or […]

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The significance of early experience

The significance of early experience Debate about the significance of the infant experience has been going on for some time and is referred to as the ‘continuity debate’. Some theorists see infant experience as crucial in setting lifelong, relatively unchanging patterns. Discontinuity theorists argue that later life experience can change early patterns and that infancy […]

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types of temperaments in children

types of temperaments in children Temperament has been defined as ‘a behavioural and physiological profile that is under some genetic control…a changing, but coherent, profile of behaviour and emotion linked to an inherited physiology’ (Kagan, 1997, p. 269). Thomas and Chess (1977) originally suggested three temperamental or behavioural categories (easy, slow to warm up and […]

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secure attachment style in relationships

secure attachment style in relationships An attachment relationship is an enduring affective relationship with a particular preferred individual, usually the person who provides most of the primary caregiving, and from whom the infant seeks security and comfort. A major developmental task for an infant in the first year of life is the establishment of an […]

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Developmental tasks of infancy in the third year

By the beginning of the third year the foundation is laid for the unique thinking and feeling individual that the toddler will become. Language is established, as are physical competence and mobility. Over this year children further develop a sense of themselves and their place within a network of relationships. They develop a range of […]

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Developmental tasks of infancy in the second year of life

The second year of life is marked by two major developmental achievements: the development of language and symbolic play, and increased mobility and independence. There is a consolidation of secure base behaviour and exploration seen towards the end of the first year and as the infant, now toddler, experiments with independence the foundation is laid […]

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Developmental tasks of infancy during the first year

During the first year of life the infant will grow and develop more rapidly, physically, emotionally and socially than during any other life period. The foundation is laid for language development and mobility that enables infants increasing independence as they explore the world and share their new experiences with key adults. While there is great […]

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Normal infant emotional development

Normal infant emotional development Infant research has provided considerable information about the infant’s innate capacities for social and environmental interaction from birth. The newborn baby has an amazing range of communication strategies. For example, newborns turn their heads in response to a familiar parental voice or smell, show a preference for face-shaped patterns over other […]

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