Mental health articles
OF mental health care and mentally ill
Types of therapeutic approaches
A therapy is a deliberate intervention which aims to treat mental disorder and make it more manageable. A therapy may be an attempt to ‘cure’ or it may be an attempt to teach the individual how to cope with the problem. What follows is an overview of the range of therapies available. Therapies can be […]
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Models of mental disorder
In the present context a ‘model’ means a view, or system of beliefs, about what causes mental disorders. Within psychology in general there are several different schools of thought, such as the behaviourist school and the psychodynamic or Freudian school, which offer competing explanations for most forms of behaviour.2 Given the complexity of human behaviour, […]
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Classification of mental disorders
When it comes to the classification of mental disorders, it may quite reasonably be expected that different therapies will be suited to different disorders. Thus it is essential to establish a reliable and valid classification system at the outset, so that we can identify a disorder and then prescribe a suitable treatment. As mentioned in […]
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Criteria for defining abnormal behaviour
Abnormal behaviour has been defined using five different sets of criteria: •statistical criteria define it as deviation from the average •deviation-from-the-norm criteria define it as deviation from expected ways of behaving •mental health criteria define it as the absence of socially desirable characteristics and behaviours (Jahoda 1958) •social/psychological criteria define it by the presence of […]
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The concept of abnormality-Who needs treatment?
Before we can begin to describe and evaluate the different types of treatment that are available for mental disorder, it is essential to consider first what exactly we mean by ‘mental disorder’ or ‘abnormality’. Despite the fact that most cultures have acknowledged the existence of mental problems in some form, there are considerable discrepancies between […]
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Principles of Cognitive Therapy with Personality Disorders
Because of the rigidity and primacy of dysfunctional schemas in individuals with personality disorders, cognitive therapy goes beyond the cognitive and behavioral interventions used in the treatment of Axis I disorders and includes strategies to increase collaboration and confront schemas. Specifically, cognitive therapy for personality disorders integrates cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, and experiential techniques. Compared to […]
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Tests of the Cognitive Theory of Personality Disorders
According to cognitive theory, the essence of a personality disorder is revealed in the dysfunctional beliefs that characterize and perpetuate it (Beck et al., 1990; Pretzer & Beck, 1996). Early investigations of the association between dysfunctional cognitions and personality disorders provide general support for the cognitive model. O’Leary et al. (1991) found that scores on […]
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Young Schema Questionnaire
Unlike the PBQ, which is designed to correlate with Axis II disorders, the Young Schema Questionnaire YSQ (Young & Brown, 1990) assessesEMS, which cross-cut DSM-IV categories and appear in normal personalities as well.EMSare trait-like constructs that are theorized to underlie personality disorders and chronic depressions and anxiety. They are present in normal personalities and contribute […]
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Personality Belief Questionnaire
The Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ; Beck & Beck, 1995) is a 126-item, selfreport measure that contains the prototypical schema content of the Axis II disorders. Respondents are asked to rate how much they believe each statement (from 0 “I do not believe it at all” to 4 “I believe it totally”). A belief ascribed to […]
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Assessment Instruments for Personality Disorders
Cognitive therapy uses both categorical and dimensional measures for the assessment of normal and abnormal personalities. Categorical measures, such as structured clinical interviews to determine and document the presence or absence of an Axis II disorder (e.g., SCID-II; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1994), are often required in clinical and research settings (Beck et […]
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Mental health articles
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- primary treatment for acute stress disorder
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- acute stress disorder signs and symptoms
- acute stress disorder causes
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