Mental health articles
OF mental health care and mentally ill
Sociotropy—Autonomy and Other Personality Measures
Sociotropy and autonomy have been examined in relation to measures in personality psychology, such as the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). Sociotropy appears related to other measures of theoretically congruent constructs like dependency, lack of assertion, and introversion (Cappeliez, 1993; Gilbert & […]
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The Sociotropy–Autonomy Scale
The Sociotropy–Autonomy Scale (SAS; Beck, Epstein, Harrison, & Emery, 1983) is a 60-item, self-report questionnaire that was constructed to assess the personality dimensions of sociotropy and autonomy, specifi cally to study their relationships to life stress events in the development of symptomotology. Other measures of these constructs are the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D’Affl […]
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A Proposed Definition of Personality-Related Disorders
All individuals have personalities that can be characterized in terms of the fi ve basic factors, and they are likely to encounter characteristic kinds of life problems, especially when there are confl icts between their dispositions and their life circumstances. To take a relatively benign example, individuals high in O (who value variety) may be […]
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The Definition of Personality
Some readers may be puzzled by the assertion that there are no qualitative differences between normal and abnormal personality. Surely a hebephrenic schizophrenic or a severely demented individual has a psychological organization qualitatively different from the average person’s. If personality is defined broadly as, for example, “the entire mental organization of a human being at […]
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How to Assess Interpersonal Impacts
The Impact Message Inventory-Circumplex (IMI; Kiesler & Schmidt, 1993; Kiesler, Schmidt, & Wagner, 1997) assesses the interpersonal dispositions of a target person, not by asking the target person directly, but by assessing the covert responses or “impact messages” (i.e., feelings, thoughts, and behavioral tendencies) that the target evokes in another person. The IMI asks the […]
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How to assess Interpersonal Values and Motives
Individuals’ feelings and behaviors in interpersonal situations depend in part on their interpersonal values. For example, being told what to do may be a relief to someone who values submission, but a humiliation to someone who values dominance. Consequently, many psychotherapies seek to change feelings and behavior by changing values; for example, cognitive and rational–emotive […]
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How to assess Interpersonal Problems
The most common self-report measure of problems associated with each octant of the interpersonal circle is the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP; Horowitz, Alden, & Pincus, 2000). The IIP consists of eight 8-item***(CH REP) scales that assess problematic dispositions associated with each octant of the interpersonal circumplex. Example items are shown in Table 15.1. Respondents […]
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How to assessing Interpersonal Traits
The Interpersonal Check List (ICL; LaForge & Suczek, 1955) was the first IPC inventory. The ICL was designed to assess 16 segments of the interpersonal circle. Each segment was assessed by eight adjectives or verb-phrases (yielding a total of 128 items), each of which was weighted according to one of four levels of extremity. The […]
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Personality Disorders and taxometric research
The categorical versus dimensional status of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’s (DSM-IV; APA, 1994) axis II is a particularly important question, which taxometric research should play a major role in resolving. Although the DSM-IV represents PDs as distinct categories and diagnoses them as simply present or absent, dimensional models of PDs are […]
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What is Personality Diatheses
Dimensions of normal personality often shade into abnormality or at least social undesirability at one pole. However, only a few of these dimensions are explicitly conceptualized as vulnerabilities for psychopathology. These “diatheses” are particularly important constructs in the study of abnormal personality. If they are shown to be precursors of mental disorders, they may supply […]
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