Mental health articles
OF mental health care and mentally ill
Aetiology of hypochondriasis
Genetic factors There seems to be a genetic predisposition to at least some elements of hypochondriasis. Gillespie et al. (2000), for example, examined the genetic risk for developing what they termed somatic distress. They gave measures of anxiety, depression, phobic anxiety and somatic distress to 3469 Australian twins aged 18 to 28 years, and found […]
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What is hypochondriasis
For a diagnosis of hypochondriasis to be made, DSM-IV-TR states that the following symptoms should be present for at least six months: preoccupation with fears of having, or believing one has, a serious disease based upon misinterpretation of bodily symptoms the preoccupation persists despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance the fears are not of delusional […]
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Aetiology of somatization disorder
Childhood learning Somatization may have its roots in early childhood experiences. There are several retrospective studies indicating that adults who report high levels of somatic symptoms are more likely to have witnessed illness in family members than is the norm. These include: excessive somatic complaints by parents excessive illness or complaints of illness from other […]
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Prevalence of somatization disorder
Most of us experience sensations or symptoms that are not related to an obvious illness at some time or other. Indeed, Hiller et al. (2006) reported that 82 per cent of their large population sample had experienced such symptoms in the previous week. Symptom reporting was highest among women, those aged over 45 years, with […]
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What is Somatization disorder?
Somatization involves the experience and reporting of physical symptoms that cause distress but lack corresponding physical pathology and cannot be explained by physical examination or diagnostic techniques. DSM IV-TR identifi ed the following diagnostic criteria for its diagnosis: A history of many physical complaints beginning before the age of 30 years which occur over a […]
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How to remove loneliness?
How to remove loneliness?Living in the modern civilized society, people are more likely to feel lonely. How to remove loneliness? First of all, it is necessary to understand how the loneliness forms. Actually, there are two psychological reasons for the loneliness. Firstly, loneliness is the result of personality factors. A British psychologist Exxon holds that […]
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Rogers’ person-centred therapy
Rogers’ person-centred therapy (1959) The aim of this approach is to facilitate personal growth through the relationship between the therapist and the client. The focus is very much on the present rather than the past. Of all the therapies, this is the least directive, because Rogers felt that true personal growth would only occur when […]
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Kelly’s personal construct therapy
Kelly (1955): personal construct therapy.This theory has led to the formulation of therapies which can be seen as broadly cognitive in their approach, although Kelly is regarded by some as a humanistic psychologist because of his emphasis on the importance of experience and individuality. According to Kelly, our view of the world and of ourselves […]
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Meichenbaum’s self-instructional training
Meichenbaum’s self-instructional training (1976) This approach suggests that behaviour change can be brought about if clients are encouraged to change the instructions they give themselves, in the form of ‘self-talk’, to more adaptive versions. These internal dialogues are externalised during therapy and discussed, then coping strategies are developed to deal with them. These strategies include […]
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Ellis: Rational-emotive therapy
Ellis (1962, 1991): Rational-emotive therapy.Another type of cognitive restructuring stems from the work of Ellis, who argued that people who suffer from mental disorders have irrational beliefs which lead to inappropriate emotions such as depression and guilt. If they develop instead a dispute system to challenge these beliefs, they will no longer suffer such emotional […]
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