Mental health articles
OF mental health care and mentally ill
attachment
Attachment and brain development
Attachment and brain development Sensitive care promotes growth and the development of self-regulation. Early brain development is promoted by secure attachment. Infants in well-regulated relationships that involve the sharing of positive affective states show optimal brain growth and development. From a neurodevelopmental point of view, the infant’s primary caretaker, usually the mother, and to a […]
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intervention for children with attachment disorders
The central principles of intervention for children with attachment disorders are based on the need to allow these children to develop an alternative, more secure, attachment relationship to their current carer, a clinician or therapeutic setting. Any attempt to do this should only proceed if the child’s current safety is assured and if there has […]
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Application to attachment disorders
Application to attachment disorders Where an attachment disorder is evident, specialist intervention is required from an experienced clinician. There is relatively scant evidence on effective treatment for established attachment disorders. Issues of intervention are frequently raised in situations where children with adverse early attachment experiences are placed with alternative carers and continue to have difficulties […]
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Disrupted attachment disorder
Disrupted attachment disorder An additional group known as ‘disrupted attachment disorder’ refers to cases in which the child experiences the sudden loss of an attachment figure such as following death or acute separation. The child may show features of mourning, anger and rage, and be clingy towards the alternative caregiver. From Mental health articles, post […]
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Disorders of non-attachment
Disorders of non-attachment In these disorders the infant has not developed a clear preference for a specific attachment figure. This may occur in situations where infants have been seriously neglected or had multiple changes or carers. Two types of nonattachment are described: 1 With emotional withdrawal—In this situation the infant is emotionally withdrawn and unreactive […]
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REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER (DSM-IV)
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) was first introduced in 1980 in DSM-III (APA, 1980) and modified in DSM-IIIR (APA, 1987) and DSM-IV (APA, 1994). DSM describes pathogenic care by primary carer as the underlying cause of the disorder and described two subtypes, ‘inhibited’ and ‘disinhibited’. RAD is characterised by disturbed social relatedness in most contexts. The […]
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attachment disorder symptoms in children
attachment disorder symptoms in children Attachment disorders are seen as generalised difficulties in relationships that may emerge from disturbed interactional patterns in the child’s primary caretaking experiences. In other words, the patterns observed reflect the infant’s current issues with attachment relationships and the way in which past relationship experiences have influenced current relationship models. Attachment […]
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Disorganised/disoriented attachment
Disorganised/disoriented attachment Infants who have experienced maltreatment or abuse at the hands of an attachment figure or whose parent is preoccupied with loss or trauma, will show signs of disturbed attachment behaviour and chronic stress. These infants may be classified as ‘disorganised’ (‘D’ pattern) in their attachment behaviours, as they do not develop an effective […]
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what is insecure attachment?
Insecure attachment Recall from earlier in this chapter that securely attached infants (‘B’ pattern) experience the carer as consistent, available and sensitive and that they are able to use the carer as a secure base from which to explore the environment. Insecurely attached infants may have experienced insensitive and/or inconsistent care and remain anxious about […]
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defining disorders of attachment
It has long been recognised that infants and children exposed to disturbed and traumatising early care may have long-term difficulties in emotional interaction and relationships. Only recently, however, have there been attempts to describe the mechanisms involved in some of the observed longer term difficulties, or to describe and classify types of attachment disorders. One […]
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