Dissociation and trauma

Dissociation and trauma
Dissociation refers to a neurologically based protective mechanism of
withdrawal or distancing from trauma. Dissociation has been described as a
defence mechanism involving distancing or lack of integration of parts of
consciousness. It is a mechanism employed in acute trauma in both adults and children and performs an important function of protecting the individual from the full impact of the event so she can continue to function.
Infants and the young of many species are known to respond to trauma with
a dissociative response. This is thought to underlie the ‘freeze or play dead’ response seen in many young animals and is mediated via the dopamine and
endogenous opioid systems.
If used excessively in early life, dissociation may become a persistent and
maladaptive coping strategy. Excessive dissociation prevents the individual from integrating or ‘overcoming’ the trauma and may produce difficulties in memory and sense of self.
Ongoing use of dissociation as a defence mechanism appears to be a key
feature of more severe adult disturbances such as personality disorders and
complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.