Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder

symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder Borderline personality disorder has many features in common with Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder as these are described in the DSM-IV (APA, 1994). Individuals who have experienced early abuse may be continue to be distressed by these events into adult life and experience reliving of these episodes in the form of […]

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Maladaptive coping mechanisms

Maladaptive coping mechanisms Individuals with personality disorder have limited ways of managing anxiety and feelings and may use inappropriate and self-defeating coping strategies, such as blaming others or ‘acting out’—that is, acting impulsively without thinking. These mechanisms are often ways of denying, or of getting rid of, intolerable feelings. In some very disturbed individuals self-harm […]

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Disturbed interpersonal behaviour

Disturbed interpersonal behaviour Attachment behaviours are disturbed in individuals with severe borderline personality disorder, who find it difficult to maintain an appropriate distance in relationships. They may wish that a relationship can meet all their needs and be overly close, or may alternate this desire with feeling abandoned and rejecting contact. Relationships are often unstable […]

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Disturbed self-experiences

Disturbed self-experiences Individuals with borderline personality disorder are often lacking a firm centre of identity and may appear fragmented or lacking in coherence. They may find it hard to describe their inner experiences and lack a vocabulary for talking about emotional issues. They may experience anxiety, intolerance of being alone and fear of abandonment. They […]

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borderline personality disorder symptoms dsm

borderline personality disor The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder refers to a severe disturbance of personality function with a range of identifiable features, rather than a description of a person with challenging behaviours. Borderline personality disorder is characterised by disturbed attachment relationships, impulsivity, poor anger control, mood instability and self-defeating behaviours that impair social functioning […]

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GENERAL DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR PERSONALITY DISORDER

GENERAL DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR PERSONALITY DISORDER Personality disorder refers to an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from expectations of the individual’s culture. This pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following areas: • cognition, that is, ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events • affectivity, […]

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Types of personality dysfunction

Types of personality dysfunction Characteristic aspects of personality dysfunction are grouped into types of personality disorder. The symptoms of different personality disorders listed in systems, such as the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994), describe behaviours used by individuals to manage or control severe anxieties. The personality disorders are grouped into three clusters based on […]

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personality dysfunction disorder

personality dysfunction disorder Personality dysfunction occurs in adults when there has been a disruption to personality development. This has its origin in the early years during crucial periods of personality development, and becomes ingrained as a chronically maladaptive style during adolescence. Personality dysfunction frequently involves disturbed self-experiences, disturbed interpersonal behaviour and maladaptive coping mechanisms. Current […]

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MANAGING EMOTIONS AND STRESS

MANAGING EMOTIONS AND STRESS Infants develop ongoing and characteristic ways of managing stress and negative feelings. These are variously called adaptive and defence mechanisms and refer to various strategies that an individual uses to manage anxiety and feelings. Parents may directly influence an infant’s defence style by discouraging or encouraging certain behaviours. For example, strong […]

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Influences on personality development

Influences on personality development As we have seen in earlier chapters, most theories agree that psychological and social experiences in infancy and early childhood are foundational. These experiences, particularly the quality of emotional care an infant receives and infant biological predisposition, are the basis for the individual’s mode of psychological functioning. Infancy is seen as […]

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