Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

What if there are side-effects?

First, make sure that the complaints really are side-effects. For example, someone may say that shehas felt tired since starting the medicine, but sympathetic questioning may show that thesymptoms were present even before the medicine was started and are therefore likely to be a resultof the illness. In such cases, reassure the person by pointing […]

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When are injections needed in the treatment of mental illness?

Injections have a very limited role in the treatment of mental illness. Besides thesesituations, it is advisable not to use injections in the treatment of mental illness. Avoid usingunnecessary injections such as vitamins for complaints of tiredness and weakness, which areoften the result of a common mental disorder rather than a vitamin deficiency. The diagrams […]

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Childhood foster care placement and adult mental health outcomes

Reports on studies of adults with placement in foster care are scarce. However, the studies document long-term detrimental mental health consequences. Some reported from a British longitudinal follow-up study of persons born in 1970 that adults who had experienced foster care during childhood had higher scores on the Malaise Inventory, indicative of current psychological morbidity, […]

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Mental health of adults with childhood abuse or adversity

Information about the long-term mental health problems of adults with experiences of child maltreatment or childhood exposure to household dysfunction is abundant. Some relevant studies include the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (ACE). This key study documented a strong association between child abuse (l, and sexual abuse) or adversity (substance abuse, mental illness, family violence, and […]

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Medicines for the prevention of manic–depressive or bipolar disorders

Manic–depressive disorder is the only mental disorder for which there are specific medicines that can be used to prevent the illness from recurring. One of three medicines may be used: • lithium carbonate; • sodium valproate; • carbamazepine. Each of these medicines needs to be taken for a long period (usually a minimum of two […]

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Antipsychotic medicines

There are many types of antipsychotic medicines. A simple way of grouping them is: • older antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine, thioradazine, trifluoperazine and haloperidol; • newer antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, clozapine and risperidone. As a general rule, the older drugs produce more side-effects but are much cheaper than the newer drugs. Antipsychotic drugs are used […]

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Anti-anxiety medicines

These medicines are also called ‘sleeping pills’. They include diazepam, nitrazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam and oxazepam. They are used to treat sleep problems and anxiety. When you prescribe these drugs, there are some points you should remember: • the patient should avoid alcohol; • avoid giving them to a woman in the last stage of […]

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Assessing someone on the telephone

Where telephones are available, people may call you for advice. In fact, this can save time for both you and the caller by avoiding unnecessary visits to the clinic. Sometimes, a person may call you with a problem that is related to mental health. Examples of such calls could be: • a person who wishes […]

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The process of ageing

There are various theories of ageing including the genetic, the cellular and the physiological. However, precisely why we age and how we age is not fully understood. From an evolutionary perspective, it can be considered that we age because our bodies exist to carry and exchange gametes – eggs and sperm which do not age […]

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Experiences of mental health services

For many people with dementia and/or depression and their families, the prospect of using formal services can be daunting. Too often, services for older people with mental health needs are criticised for being inflexible, impersonal, institutional in form and unable to provide continuity. Where good-quality services, resourced by skilled staff, do exist, these tend to […]

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