Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

autistic disorders diagnosis and symptoms

Autistic disorders are also known as pervasive developmental disorders. Most professionals agree that three features are essential to the diagnosis. A general and profound failure to develop social relationships; language retardation and ritualistic and compulsive behaviour. Additionally, these abnormalities should manifest themselves before 30 months. Prevalence Community surveys have found prevalence rates of two per […]

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Definition and diagnosis of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder is categorized as a somatoform disorder in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV: American Psychiatric Association (APA). There are three DSM-IV criteria that must be met before a diagnosis of BDD can be made: 1There is a preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance. If a slight physical […]

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder Articles

Body dysmorphic disorder Body image has been defined as the ‘picture we have in our minds of the size, shape and form of our bodies and to our feelings concerning these characteristics and our constituent body parts’. Body image is important to everyone and can be dramatically altered following a life event (for example, facial […]

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Epidemiology of depression in the elderly

Epidemiology of depression Although there have been many attempts to examine the existence of depression in older people, accurate estimates of the prevalence of depression can be problematic due to the use of different instruments and the focus on different types of depression. Beekman et al. review of studies into the prevalence of depression in […]

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Key Characteristics of Depression

Main characteristics of depression as follows: Emotions The emotional aspect of depression often presents with the person reporting (or being observed having), depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day. This is often characterized by expressions of sadness, despair and tearfulness. Cognitions Associated with the above emotions, depressed people will often experience and describe […]

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Definition and diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder is diagnostically classed as an anxiety disorder. A DSM-IV (APA 1994) diagnosis of PTSD is made after a person has been exposed to an extreme traumatic stressor involving direct personal experience of an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self […]

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post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has only existed as a diagnosis since 1980 (American Psychiatric Association 1980), and since 1992, using the International Classification of Diseases. However, the psychological and social effects of being exposed to a traumatic event have been recognized throughout history with ‘shell shock’, ‘traumatic neurosis’ and rape trauma syndrome being earlier means […]

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Treatment in primary care and pathways of care

In the NSF for Mental Health there is the suggestion that some eating disorders might be treated in primary care. However, there is very little evidence to support the efficacy of interventions in primary care. Indeed, such interventions may serve to maintain the disorder. A Dutch survey of 108 patients with eating disorders showed that […]

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Mental health promotion – aetiology and demographic features

Health promotion is the focus of Chapter 1 of this book. As in many other psychiatric conditions, it is unlikely that there is one causal factor but rather a host of variables which interact to produce the eating disorder. Then, once the illness has emerged, an array of factors act to maintain the disorder. It […]

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Psychiatric disorders in adolescence

Psychiatric disorders in adolescence Although adolescence is often associated with a period of stress and turmoil, most adolescents manage the transition between childhood and adulthood without major problems. It is a period, however, during which there are major changes in body image, self-esteem, relationships with parents and mood. Awareness about sexual orientation and identity are […]

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