Mental health articles
OF mental health care and mentally ill
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS)
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) If there are no structural brain abnormalities, then what might cause abnormal brain functioning? Recently, there has been increased speculation that at least some children who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder may do so in response to an external pathogen (in this case -hemolytic streptococcal infection). Studies of […]
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A Neurodevelopmental Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
A Neurodevelopmental Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? Rosenberg and Keshavan recently tried to draw together these various literatures into a neurodevelopmental model of OCD. First, they noted that several lines of evidence suggest that OCD may result from a neurodevelopmental rather than a degenerative process: (1) a number of cases of OCD begin in childhood; (2) […]
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Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology of obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD)
Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology of obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) Although they are an indirect assessment of brain function, data from biochemical challenge studies and pharmacological treatment outcome studies suggest that the orbital and cingulate cortex may be potential neuroanatomical sites of dysfunction in OCD. Data that address the neurochemistry of OCD have been collected under three conditions: […]
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Biological Contributions to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Biological Contributions to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) In 1985, Turner, Beidel, and Nathan reviewed the available data that addressed biological factors in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Included in the review were genetic and family studies, neurophysiological and neuropsychological studies, neuroanatomical studies, and biochemical and pharmacological studies. Turner et al. concluded that although biological factors correlated […]
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obsessive compulsive disorder epidemiology
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) Epidemiology The now well-known Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) survey conducted during the early 1980s indicated lifetime prevalence rates for OCD of 1.9 to 3.3% in five U.S. communities and an overall rate of 2.5%. These rates were much higher than any previous estimates and were conf irmed by similar epidemiological, albeit […]
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Different OCD Disorders and Types of OCD Disorders
Types of OCD Disorders Comorbidity, Differential Diagnosis, and the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders OCD is frequently accompanied by increased levels of anxiety and depression; estimates of coexistent disorders range from 42–83% . Despite these high rates of overlap with other disorders, the diagnosis of OCD can be made quite reliably, particularly when behavioral compulsions are present. […]
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symptom subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder
Given the wide variety of symptom patterns that may be present in obsessive compulsive disorder, a number of attempts have been made to subclassify the disorder to enhance understanding of its pathophysiology and treatment. Most often, attempts to identify subtypes have been based on the predominant type of rituals reported by the patient. In these […]
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treatment for specific phobia
There is widespread agreement that the treatment of choice for phobic fear and avoidance is in vivo exposure. Some evidence has even suggested that excellent gains can be achieved through a single session of intensive exposure. Some attempts have been made to match the reported mode of acquisition or individual differences to specific types of […]
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Preparedness of specific phobias
Many objects that are in the subject’s immediate environment when traumatic events occur do not acquire fearful properties. Subsequently, phobias are usually found in response to a limited set of all of the possible cues in the world. Observations such as these led Seligman to propose that certain stimuli are biologically ‘‘prepared’’ to become associated […]
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Genetic and Familial Factors of specific phobias
Genetic and Familial Factors First-degree relatives of people with specific phobias are more likely themselves to have a specific phobia providing evidence for the importance of either genetic or environmental family factors in the disorder. More specifically, a few twin studies demonstrated a genetic involvement in specific phobias but the importance of environmental factors was […]
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