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personality

borderline personality disorder causes

Borderline personality disorder causes as follows: Biological factors There have been relatively few studies of the family/genetic infl uences on borderline personality disorders. However, a number are now emerging. Distel et al., for example, studied a total of 3644 twins aged between 18 and 86 years across the Netherlands, Belgium, and Australia. They estimated 42 […]

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antisocial personality disorder sociopath

The terms antisocial personality and psychopathy are often used interchangeably. Indeed, the DSM-IV-TR category of antisocial personality disorder was intended to combine diagnoses of antisocial personality and psychopathy, which DSM-III did not. Critics of DSM-IV-TR have argued that it has not succeeded in this attempt, and that the two conditions are not synonymous. They have […]

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A cognitive model of personality disorders

Although there are ten personality disorders (or personality types), Beck et al. attempted to develop a single, unitary, explanatory model for the development of them all. In doing so, they adopted an evolutionary perspective. They suggested that key neuro-cognitive responses, including those affecting perception, mood and behaviour, are genetically pre-programmed and that these responses may […]

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How to treatment of borderline personality disorder

Treatment of borderline personality disorder as follows: Psychological approaches Treatment of people with borderline personality is not easy, and there are relatively few controlled trials examining the effects of therapy. Roth and Fonagy tried to establish some overall goals of therapy and guidelines for who may benefi t from it most. They suggested the following: […]

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Psychological interventions for personality disorder

From the relatively limited evidence to date (referring largely to borderline personality disorder), psychological approaches are preferable to drug treatments which are seen largely as adjunctive. Specialist services have been described involving focused psychodynamic psychotherapy following brief inpatient  admission, supported by attendance at a structured day programme. Whilst benefi ts in mood and reduction in […]

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Prerequisites for diagnosis of personality disorder

Prerequisites for diagnosis of personality disorder as follows: Patient displays a pattern of behaviour perception of self, others and the environment emotional response that is evident in early life pervasive a deviation from patient’s cultural norm persists into adulthood infl exible and leads to distress to self, others or society dysfunction in interpersonal, social or […]

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Principles of Cognitive Therapy with Personality Disorders

Because of the rigidity and primacy of dysfunctional schemas in individuals with personality disorders, cognitive therapy goes beyond the cognitive and behavioral interventions used in the treatment of Axis I disorders and includes strategies to increase collaboration and confront schemas. Specifically, cognitive therapy for personality disorders integrates cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, and experiential techniques. Compared to […]

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Tests of the Cognitive Theory of Personality Disorders

According to cognitive theory, the essence of a personality disorder is revealed in the dysfunctional beliefs that characterize and perpetuate it (Beck et al., 1990; Pretzer & Beck, 1996). Early investigations of the association between dysfunctional cognitions and personality disorders provide general support for the cognitive model. O’Leary et al. (1991) found that scores on […]

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Personality Belief Questionnaire

The Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ; Beck & Beck, 1995) is a 126-item, selfreport measure that contains the prototypical schema content of the Axis II disorders. Respondents are asked to rate how much they believe each statement (from 0 “I do not believe it at all” to 4 “I believe it totally”). A belief ascribed to […]

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Assessment Instruments for Personality Disorders

Cognitive therapy uses both categorical and dimensional measures for the assessment of normal and abnormal personalities. Categorical measures, such as structured clinical interviews to determine and document the presence or absence of an Axis II disorder (e.g., SCID-II; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1994), are often required in clinical and research settings (Beck et […]

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