Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

mentally ill

Differential diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Differential diagnosis Normal childhood ritual such as bedtime routine and collecting are not uncommon in early childhood. Symptoms of OCD can present secondary to primary depressive disorders. Children with the autistic spectrum group of disorders may present with repetitive behaviour and sometimes develop full-blown symptoms of OCD. Symptoms of OCD can be associated with schizophrenia […]

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tourettes syndrome symptoms

This condition has been recognized for over 150 years. Tourette’s syndrome affects 3–5 per 10,000 children. Prevalence is ten times greater in children than it is in adults and occurs four times more commonly in males than in females. Clinical characteristics The mean age of onset of symptoms is 7 years and the essential features […]

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Self Harm and Suicide

Suicide and deliberate self-harm Completed suicide is rare before puberty but its incidence increases during older adolescence. It is estimated that the figures for Britain are roughly five suicides per million children aged 10–14 years. The suicide rate in North America has been increasing during the last several decades and there is an excess of […]

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panic disorder diagnosis dsm

Panic disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder in DSM-IV. For panic disorder to be present, unexpected panic attacks must occur. Panic attacks are defined as ‘a discrete period of intense fear and discomfort, in which four (or more) of the following symptoms developed abruptly and reached a peak within 10 minutes (DSM-IV, APA 1994: […]

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panic disorder symptoms and characteristics

Panic attacks occur in a number of anxiety disorders and may be a response to various external situations or triggers, as in specific phobias. Where the occurrence becomes the central cause for concern, panic disorder is said to develop. Unlike other anxiety disorders, where the situations that trigger panic attacks can be easily identified, panic […]

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Conduct disorder in children symptoms

Conduct disorders consist of repetitive and persistent patterns of behaviour, which are age-inappropriate and violate accepted social norms. Children with conduct disorder often bully, intimidate or threaten others. Physical f ights and cruelty to animals and people are not uncommon. Serious violation of rules, such as truanting, staying away from home and damage to property, […]

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Key Characteristics of Depression

Main characteristics of depression as follows: Emotions The emotional aspect of depression often presents with the person reporting (or being observed having), depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day. This is often characterized by expressions of sadness, despair and tearfulness. Cognitions Associated with the above emotions, depressed people will often experience and describe […]

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post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has only existed as a diagnosis since 1980 (American Psychiatric Association 1980), and since 1992, using the International Classification of Diseases. However, the psychological and social effects of being exposed to a traumatic event have been recognized throughout history with ‘shell shock’, ‘traumatic neurosis’ and rape trauma syndrome being earlier means […]

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Diagnosis Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

Criteria for diagnosis of anorexia nervosa Current classification and definition (the main points of ICD1O (WHO 1992) and DSM-IV (APA 1994) combined) body weight at least 15 per cent below that for normal/expected age and height: in children this is weight below the second percentile; weight loss is self-induced; self-perception of being too fat; absence […]

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DSM-IV Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis

Criteria for diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Current classification and definition (the main points of ICD1O (WHO 1992) and DSM-IV (APA 1994) combined) A persistent compulsion to overeat accompanied by a sense of lack of control. The overeating consists of more than 1000 calories – more than others would eat during a similar 2-hour period. These […]

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