Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

September, 2016

Understandings of gender dysphoria and GID

Understandings of gender dysphoria and GID A number of factors contribute to our understanding of gender dysphoria and GID. Biological development, infant–parent relationship issues and the experiences of people born intersex are all areas of study that have contributed to knowledge in this area. Biological development Biological theories have looked at possible genetic influences, the […]

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gender identity disorder in children facts

gender identity disorder in children facts Gender Identity Disorder (GID) in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994) classification system refers to a strong identification with and preference for the gender role characteristics of the other sex. This is expressed through play, behaviour and verbal statements of a desire to be the other sex. Most […]

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gender dysphoria definition

Gender dysphoria Gender dysphoria is defined as unease about one’s biological sex. It refers to the individual’s experience of the inappropriateness of or discomfort with his gender, despite having typical male or female chromosomal and anatomical sexual configurations. This may be evident in infants from two years of age who express excessive desire to be […]

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CULTURAL VARIANCE IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS GENDER

CULTURAL VARIANCE IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS GENDER Anthropological and sociological studies have identified significant cultural variation in gender systems and attitudes towards gender variance. Wide variations exist in beliefs about the nature of biology and what constitutes sex, and physical difference per se is not always seen as sufficient to produce gender. The Zuni tribe of […]

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Male and female sex differentiation

Male and female sex differentiation Biological sex may be defined on many levels—ex-determining genes, sex chromosomes, HY sex-determining antigen, gonads, hormones, internal reproductive structures or external genitalia. In some infants, sex cannot be determined as exclusively male or female and complex decisions must be made about sex assignment and surgical intervention. Genetic sex is established […]

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Biological sex and infant development

Biological sex and infant development The majority of neonates are designated either male or female at birth, or prenatally with the use of ultrasound technology. Biological sex has profound implications for infant development for complex reasons. First, there is increasing evidence of difference in male and female brain differentiation, although the extent to which this […]

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CONCEPTS OF SEX AND GENDER

CONCEPTS OF SEX AND GENDER Infant mental health has had surprisingly little to say about gender. While infant researchers may observe and comment on ‘sex differences’ there has been little analysis of this, and even less analysis of underlying assumptions of models of gender development. The retrospective psychoanalytic accounts by Freud, while they may be […]

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Dissociation and trauma

Dissociation and trauma Dissociation refers to a neurologically based protective mechanism of withdrawal or distancing from trauma. Dissociation has been described as a defence mechanism involving distancing or lack of integration of parts of consciousness. It is a mechanism employed in acute trauma in both adults and children and performs an important function of protecting […]

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